camera obscura
A camera obscura is an optical arrangement in which light passing through a small hole or a lens in one surface casts an inverted, laterally reversed image of the outside scene onto a dark interior surface. Its name is Latin for "dark chamber." From the 16th century onward, painters traced this projected image on paper to render perspective and light accurately. Combined with light-sensitive surfaces, it became the photographic camera in the 19th century.
Related article: Camera Obscura: The Optical Device Painters Used Before Photography Was Invented →
